Our Research

The A-CAPP Center’s research brings clarity to complex challenges in brand protection, product counterfeiting, and illicit trade. Our work is designed to inform practice, shape policy, and support real-world decision-making—serving professionals across industry, legal, academic, and enforcement communities.

Research Independence

The A-CAPP Center maintains full academic and research independence regardless of funding source. While the Center raises funds through gifts and contracts as a self-sustaining unit at Michigan State University, it does not accept funding that would require promoting a specific viewpoint, outcome, or commercial interest.

All research conducted by the A-CAPP Center is guided by academic integrity, transparency, and relevance to the broader brand protection community, ensuring that findings remain credible, unbiased, and applicable across industries.

The A-CAPP Center maintains full academic and research independence regardless of funding source. While the Center raises funds through gifts and contracts as a self-sustaining unit at Michigan State University, it does not accept funding that would require promoting a specific viewpoint, outcome, or commercial interest.

All research conducted by the A-CAPP Center is guided by academic integrity, transparency, and relevance to the broader brand protection community, ensuring that findings remain credible, unbiased, and applicable across industries.

Research Mission: Transdisciplinary &
Practical Research Excellence

Our research mission is grounded in transdisciplinary, practice-driven inquiry. Our work includes large-scale, in-house studies led by the A-CAPP Center faculty and staff—such as global surveys, legal research, and research on emerging issues like artificial intelligence and intellectual property—as well as applied and exploratory projects conducted with student researchers.

We also publish peer-reviewed scholarship in academic journals and support research produced by members of the A-CAPP Center Research Council and affiliated experts, reflecting diverse global perspectives. Regardless of format, all research outputs are treated as part of the A-CAPP Center’s broader publication ecosystem.

Our research mission is grounded in transdisciplinary, practice-driven inquiry. Our work includes large-scale, in-house studies led by the A-CAPP Center faculty and staff—such as global surveys, legal research, and research on emerging issues like artificial intelligence and intellectual property—as well as applied and exploratory projects conducted with student researchers.

We also publish peer-reviewed scholarship in academic journals and support research produced by members of the A-CAPP Center Research Council and affiliated experts, reflecting diverse global perspectives. Regardless of format, all research outputs are treated as part of the A-CAPP Center’s broader publication ecosystem.

Thematic Areas of Research

Our research spans four interconnected themes that reflect the evolving dynamics of brand protection, enforcement, consumer behavior, and technology.

Technology, Policy, & E-Commerce Impacts

Consumer Behavior & Impact Around Counterfeits

Global Enforcement 
& Impact of Counterfeiting

Current & Future Brand Protection Workforce

Advancing Brand Protection Through Accessible, Actionable Research

At the A-CAPP Center, research spans a range of scholarly and applied work that advances the global understanding of brand protection. While these outputs take different forms, they are unified by academic rigor, practical relevance, and real-world application across industry, legal, and public-sector contexts

Our research is designed to support a wide range of audiences, including students and academics studying and researching solutions to dynamic issues in brand protection, brand owners and practitioners seeking actionable insights, legal professionals relying on credible research for litigation and policy, academic researchers, and law enforcement and public-sector stakeholders navigating complex enforcement environments.

Every A-CAPP Center research publication includes three key sections: an Executive Summary, an Abstract & Full Report, and Essential Insights, designed to make the content easy to digest and reference.

At the A-CAPP Center, research spans a range of scholarly and applied work that advances the global understanding of brand protection. While these outputs take different forms, they are unified by academic rigor, practical relevance, and real-world application across industry, legal, and public-sector contexts.

Our research is designed to support a wide range of audiences, including students and academics studying and researching solutions to dynamic issues in brand protection, brand owners and practitioners seeking actionable insights, legal professionals relying on credible research for litigation and policy, academic researchers, and law enforcement and public-sector stakeholders navigating complex enforcement environments.

Research Mission: Transdisciplinary &
Practical Research Excellence

Our research mission is grounded in transdisciplinary, practice-driven inquiry. Our work includes large-scale, in-house studies led by the A-CAPP Center faculty and staff—such as global surveys, legal research, and research on emerging issues like artificial intelligence and intellectual property—as well as applied and exploratory projects conducted with student researchers.

We also publish peer-reviewed scholarship in academic journals and support research produced by members of the A-CAPP Center Research Council and affiliated experts, reflecting diverse global perspectives. Regardless of format, all research outputs are treated as part of the A-CAPP Center’s broader publication ecosystem.

Our research mission is grounded in transdisciplinary, practice-driven inquiry. Our work includes large-scale, in-house studies led by the A-CAPP Center faculty and staff—such as global surveys, legal research, and research on emerging issues like artificial intelligence and intellectual property—as well as applied and exploratory projects conducted with student researchers.

We also publish peer-reviewed scholarship in academic journals and support research produced by members of the A-CAPP Center Research Council and affiliated experts, reflecting diverse global perspectives. Regardless of format, all research outputs are treated as part of the A-CAPP Center’s broader publication ecosystem.

Interested in Sponsoring A-CAPP Center Research?

Our research is supported through different mechanisms, including our vibrant industry partners. Our strong connections to various industry partners along with our shared commitment to conducting cutting-edge research on relevant brand protection and anti-counterfeiting topics ushered project-based and long-term research collaborative partnerships. If your organization is interested in funding our research, please fill out the form:

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    Our team

    Meet the 
A-CAPP Center Research Council

    See Full Research Council

    Communication MA Student & Teaching Assistant, Michigan State University

    Dana Anafina is a second-year master’s student in the Department of Communication. Her research focus is health communication, specifically how social norms influence an individual’s behavior. She is interested in exploring how persuasive messages can challenge and reshape existing social norms for positive health outcomes. Inspired by current fellows, Dana is excited to work with and learn. As a leadership fellow, she aims to create an environment for international students where their voices are heard and to ensure each individual feels valued and supported.

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    Asst. Professor in Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University

    Dr. Anwar is a Senior Lecturer and Programme Leader for MSc Information Science (Data Analytics and Library Management) in the Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK. He received his PhD in Computing (Data Mining) from University of Sunderland, UK. He has done his MSc and BSc in Computer Science from University of Karachi, Pakistan. He has been working in academia for the last many years at different national and overseas universities. He had been a Research Ethics Lead / Deputy Lead for the Department of Computer & Information Sciences at Northumbria University. He is a Fellow of Higher Education Academy (FHEA), and also a member of FHEA applications’ review committee at Northumbria University. Before joining the Northumbria University, he worked at The Open University, UK as a Research Fellow. He had also worked as a Post-doctoral Research Associate at University of Sunderland, Knowledge Media Institute (KMi) and The Open University Business School, UK. Previously, he was also a full-time Lecturer at Department of Computer Science, University of Karachi, Pakistan. He is also an external examiner at various universities.

    Dr Anwar combined his knowledge and research in data mining in the form of a book based on medical data. He has published his research work in many international conferences’ proceedings and journals. Previously he had obtained grants as a Principal Investigator from SAMS (Society for the Advancement of Management Studies), UKCES (UK Commission for Employment Skills) and ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council), UK, and as a Co-investigator from Research Beacon, University of Sunderland, UK. He is a Member of the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) UK Peer Review College to review reports and bids/proposals for their schemes and programmes. He has also reviewed many national and international bids. He supervises PhD students, and has chaired and examined many PhD students. He is also a reviewer for many international journals and has been a Technical Programme Committee member for many international conferences.

    Dr Anwar is involved in quantitative and qualitative research. His research interest includes qualitative and quantitative data analysis, big data analysis, data mining, business intelligence, digital methods and machine learning, health informatics, intelligent hybrid systems (using a combination of machine learning techniques), information systems, decision support systems, international businesses/entrepreneurship, online businesses/entrepreneurship, online home-based businesses, entrepreneurial marketing, and digital social media. He is open for discussion for research with prospective self-funded postgraduate researchers (MPhil/PhD and Visiting Scholars) or businesses/companies/organizations who are interested in above areas.

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    Asst. Professor, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

    Alberto Aziani is an Assistant Professor of Criminology at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, where he specializes in illegal markets, trafficking activities, organized crime, and illicit financial flows. His work on these topics has been widely published in leading scientific journals. He holds a PhD in Criminology from Università Cattolica, an MSc in Economics and Social Sciences and a BSc in Management from Bocconi University, Milan. Over the years, he has overseen numerous projects for international and supranational organizations and funding institutions, such as the European Commission and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

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    Professor in Marketing, Northumbria University

    Dr. Xuemei Bian is Professor in Marketing at University of Northumbria, EDI Lead of MOS and Innovation Fellow of the British Academy 2022/23. She is an advisor to the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO), the national government agency, which operates and maintains a clear and accessible intellectual property system in the UK to encourage innovation and helps the economy and society to benefit from knowledge and ideas. Between November 2020 and June 2021, she served IPO’s Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights evidence sub-group in her capacity as advisor. She currently holds the visiting professor role at Tianjin University and is also Adjunct Professor at Michigan State University. Her main research interests are in consumer behavior, branding and advertising, with a focus on how judgments, evaluations and choice vary as a function of different decision-making strategies. She has established and sustained an international reputation and recognition in three main research areas: 1) consumption behavior; 2) branding and brand management, and 3) effective advertising with a focus on the influences of advertising appeals on brands, consumer well-being, and behavioral tendency.

    She is one of the leading scholars in the field of consumer and counterfeit studies. Her research has appeared in many journals of international repute, such as Journal of Business Research, European Journal of Marketing, Marketing Letters, British Journal of Social Psychology, International Business Review, Journal of Brand Management, International Journal of Consumer Studies, Journal of Consumer Behavior, Advances in Consumer Research, Journal of Product and Brand Management, and The Marketing Review among others. Her paper titled “New Insights into Unethical Counterfeit Consumption” was selected and included in Elsevier’s Newsletter for Science Journalists (2016) and is the “Top Rated” paper in the Journal of Business Research.

    Her research has attracted media attention in recent years and has featured in national and international popular outlets and trade magazines such as Huffington Post, Marie Claire, BBC Radio Kent, Refinery29, Fućsia (Colombia), The World Trademark Review, Luxury Daily (USA), and numerous online news websites. She is a regular contributor to national and international popular outlets, including The Sunday Times and BBC Radio Kent, commenting on consumer related topics.

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    University Distinguished Professor in Economics, Michigan State University

    Jay Choi is a University Distinguished Professor of Economics at Michigan State University. His research is in industrial organization, with a focus on intellectual property rights, economics of network effects, and antitrust economics. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University and a BA from Seoul National University.

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    Publications

    The 2026 A-CAPP Center Global Consumer Survey on Buying Legitimate and Illicit Medications Online: An Eight-Country Study

    The 2026 A-CAPP Center Global Consumer Survey on Buying Legitimate and Illicit Medications Online: An Eight-Country Study

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    Saleem Alhabash, Subhalakshmi Bezbaruah, Patricia Huddleston, Anastasia G. Kononova Download PDF Copyright © 2026 Board of Trustees at Michigan State University. All Rights Reserved.
    March 17 2026
    Criminal Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Latin America: An Institutional Grammar Tool Approach

    Criminal Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Latin America: An Institutional Grammar Tool Approach

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    Manuel Vélez and Doria Vélez, 2025 Do criminal sanctions actually deter intellectual property crime? This white paper examines how Latin American countries design and enforce criminal intellectual property rights laws, with a deep dive into Mexico’s recent enforcement decline. The main objective of the research is to describe and compare the similarities and differences between […]
    February 24 2026
    When Organizations Talk to Consumers about Counterfeiting: Analysis of 2005-2024 Communication and Consumer Education Campaigns to Build Theory-Informed Brand Protection Strategies

    When Organizations Talk to Consumers about Counterfeiting: Analysis of 2005-2024 Communication and Consumer Education Campaigns to Build Theory-Informed Brand Protection Strategies

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    Anastasia G. Kononova, Saleem Alhabash, Patricia Huddleston, Moldir Moldagaliyeva, Heijin Lee, Subhalakshmi Bezbaruah, Dana Anafina This project investigates the effectiveness of anti-counterfeiting communication strategies through content analysis and experimental research grounded in media and communication theory. Nearly 400 messages from 94 campaigns (2005–2024) were analyzed to identify elements that induce or reduce psychological reactance—a resistance […]
    December 9 2025
    Beyond the Brick-and-Mortar Paradigm- The Legal and Procedural Foundations of Schedule A Litigation in Combating Online Counterfeiting as Distinct from Traditional Trademark Enforcement

    Beyond the Brick-and-Mortar Paradigm- The Legal and Procedural Foundations of Schedule A Litigation in Combating Online Counterfeiting as Distinct from Traditional Trademark Enforcement

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    Kari Kammel, Jessica Boeve This Article analyzes the emergence and evolution of Schedule A litigation as a procedural mechanism for combating online trademark counterfeiting. In response to the proliferation of anonymous infringers operating through third-party e-commerce platforms, plaintiffs have increasingly relied on expedited judicial remedies—including ex parte temporary restraining orders, asset freezes, and electronic service—to […]
    October 5 2025
    Artificial Intelligence & Intellectual Property: Perceptions of Intellectual Property and Brand Protection Professionals

    Artificial Intelligence & Intellectual Property: Perceptions of Intellectual Property and Brand Protection Professionals

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    Saleem Alhabash, Kari Kammel, Duygu Kanver, Maria Molina Amid exponential growth in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), the Center for Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection (A-CAPP) and the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (IPR Center) conducted a multi-method study to explore threat and benefit perceptions of AI use in intellectual property protection among experts […]
    September 11 2025
    Adapting Conjoint Analysis to Quantify Influential Features of Social Media Posts

    Adapting Conjoint Analysis to Quantify Influential Features of Social Media Posts

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    Timothy K. Mackey and Michael R. Haupt, 2025 From emojis to packaging, what makes an online drug ad feel “safe?” This research examines how social media marketing tactics — and user psychology — affect perceived risk and intent to buy.  The main objective of the research was to conduct a two-part survey to evaluate how […]
    May 9 2025
    Job Task Analysis

    Job Task Analysis

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    Kevin Hoff, Saleem Alhabash, Kari Kammel   Download the full PDF report. Copyright © 2025 Board of Trustees at Michigan State University. All Rights Reserved.
    May 7 2025
    Project CAPSULE

    Project CAPSULE

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    Marco Dugato*, 2024*with contribution of Mirko Nazzari and Domenico Di Giorgio Introduction The proliferation of online sales, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, has significantly increased opportunities for the illicit market of substandard or falsified medicines (SFMs)(OECD and EUIPO 2020; Europol2021; Ahmed et al. 2022; ; EUIPO and Europol 2022; Jillani, Reinhard, and Hertig 2023). Criminals […]
    July 3 2024
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    Research Funding

    The A-CAPP Center’s research is supported through a combination of gifts and sponsored research contracts. These funding mechanisms allow the Center to pursue applied, interdisciplinary research projects that address real-world brand protection and anti-counterfeiting challenges. Research funding may support specific projects, longer-term initiatives, or broader areas of inquiry aligned with the Center’s mission.

    Organizations interested in supporting the Center’s research can engage through project-based funding, general research support, or collaborative research agreements.

    For MSU’s Policies on Sponsored Research, Gifts and Fee for service activities, please visit this link.

    The A-CAPP Center’s research is supported through a combination of gifts and sponsored research contracts. These funding mechanisms allow the Center to pursue applied, interdisciplinary research projects that address real-world brand protection and anti-counterfeiting challenges. Research funding may support specific projects, longer-term initiatives, or broader areas of inquiry aligned with the Center’s mission.

    Organizations interested in supporting the Center’s research can engage through project-based funding, general research support, or collaborative research agreements.

    For MSU’s Policies on Sponsored Research, Gifts and Fee for service activities, please visit this link.

    Research Funding

    The A-CAPP Center’s research is supported through a combination of gifts and sponsored research contracts. These funding mechanisms allow the Center to pursue applied, interdisciplinary research projects that address real-world brand protection and anti-counterfeiting challenges. Research funding may support specific projects, longer-term initiatives, or broader areas of inquiry aligned with the Center’s mission.

    Organizations interested in supporting the Center’s research can engage through project-based funding, general research support, or collaborative research agreements.

    For MSU’s Policies on Sponsored Research, Gifts, and Fee for service activities, please visit this link.

    The A-CAPP Center advances research, education, and engagement focused on brand protection and related challenges. As a university center within Michigan State University’s College of Social Science, A-CAPP Center works with industry, government, and academic partners to address complex global issues. Support helps sustain research initiatives and educational programs that inform practice, policy, and decision-making.